Sex slavery is by far the most profitable form of involuntary labour, a $99-billion annual industry that accounts for two-thirds of all the profits made from modern forced labour, according to a report from the UN’s International Labour Organization (ILO). The news highlights the fundamental problem for those seeking to eradicate forced labour: Not paying workers is highly profitable, and what’s highly profitable usually finds a way to happen. According to the ILO’s report The Economics of Forced Labour, the illegal profits obtained through the practice amount to an estimated $150.2 billion per year. Put another way, forced labour creates enough wealth every year to equal the sales of Apple’s iPhone over five frenzied years. Story continues below Loading Slideshow •10. Bangladesh - 343,192 slavesSource: Global Slavery Index. All numbers are estimates. •9. Myanmar - 384,037 slaves •8. D.R. Congo - 462,327 slaves •7. Thailand - 472,811 slaves •6. Russia - 516,217 slaves •5. Ethiopia - 651,110 slaves •4. Nigeria - 701,032 slaves •3. Pakistan - 2,127,132 slaves •2. China - 2,949,243 slaves •1. India - 13,956,010 slaves Countries With The Most Slaves1 of 11 Hide Thumbnails Getty ImagesNext Share TweetFullscreen1 of 11Play All10. Bangladesh - 343,192 slavesSource: Global Slavery Index. All numbers are estimates.Advertisement× By the ILO’s definition of forced labour, there are an estimated 20.9 million modern-day slaves, including 4.5 million who are victims of sexual exploitation. Another 14.2 million are “victims of forced labour exploitation, primarily in agriculture, construction, domestic work, manufacturing, mining and utilities.” Fifty-five per cent of victims are female, and one-quarter are below the age of 18. That slavery is astronomically profitable is hardly news. One just has to ask how 19th-century cotton farmers in the U.S. south could afford to live in mansions like this: The Pillars cotton plantation in Lowndesboro, Alabama, was built in 1857 by a cotton farmer. The difference between a regular farmhouse and that mansion — that’s slave labour’s contribution. In the modern world, forced labour is more hidden but just as profitable. It’s especially profitable when it happens in the developed world. A forced labourer there creates more than $30,000 of profit each year, compared to the global average of $4,800 of profit per forced labourer. The Global Slavery Index, from Australian human rights group Walk Free Foundation, estimates there are more than 59,000 people employed in forced labour in the United States and more than 5,800 in Canada. And sexual exploitation is far and away the most profitable field in which forced labour is used. Sex slavery profits are nearly ten times as high as profits from forced agricultural and domestic labour. This is apparently because of “the demand for such services and the prices that clients are willing to pay,” the ILO report says. Additionally, sex slavery has “low capital investments and low operating costs.” Though it may be profitable, the ILO’s director-general, Guy Ryder, says forced labour is ultimately bad for business and for society as a whole. “It is a practice that has no place in modern society. And it’s time that we act together, to eradicate this hugely profitable, but fundamentally evil source of shame once and for all,” he said in a statement.
ILO ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ ျမန္မာ့ အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ား အလုပ္ရုံ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ
21-Jul-12 http://www.phophtaw.org/burmese/index.php/news/local-news/1904-ilo-.html ILO ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး၊ အလုပ္ရွင္၊ အလုပ္သမားႏွင့္ အစိုးရ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္မ်ား ပါေသာ Freedom of Association in Myanmar အလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြ တခုကို ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕၊ ဒဂုံၿမိဳ႕နယ္၊ ဇီ၀ကလမ္း၌ ရွိသည့္ Summit Parkview ေဟာ္တယ္ Ballroom တြင္ ဇူလိုင္လ ၁၉ ရက္ေန႕ မနက္ ၉ နာရီခြဲမွ ညေန ၄ နာရီ အထိ က်င္းပခဲ့ပါသည္။ ယင္းအလုပ္ရုံ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲသို႔ လူေပါင္း(၂၈၀) ခန္႔ တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ (ရန္ကုန္) အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာ အလုပ္သမား ေရးရာ အဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ စက္မွဳ လက္မွဳ အႀကံေပး အႀကီးအကဲ Ross Wilson အပါ၀င္ အလုပ္ရွင္ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္မ်ား ၊ အလုပ္သမား ကိုယ္စားလွယ္မ်ား၊ အလုပ္သမား ၀န္ႀကီးဌာနမွ အရာရွိမ်ား၊ စက္ရုံပိုင္ရွင္မ်ား၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရး လွဳပ္ရွားသူမ်ား၊ အလုပ္ သမား အဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ားမွ အက်ဳိးေဆာင္ ေရွ႕ ေနမ်ား၊ Yangon Crown Organisation၊ ေဆာက္လုပ္ေရးလုပ္သား မ်ား အဖြဲ႕၊ Good Family အထည္ခ်ဳပ္ စက္ရုံ အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔၊ ေတာ္၀င္ျမန္မာ အထည္ခ်ဳပ္ အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႔ အျပင္ တျခား အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ားမွ အလုပ္ရုံ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကို တက္ေရာက္ ခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြတြင္ (DDG-Ministery of Labour) မွ ဦးသက္ႏိုင္ဦးက အစိုးရမွ ထုတ္ျပန္ထားေသာ အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႔အစည္း နည္းဥပေဒအား ရွင္းလင္း ေျပာၾကားၿပီး၊ အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႔မ်ားအား တႏိုင္ငံလံုး အတိုင္းအတာျဖင္႔ ၁၁၇ ဖြဲ႔ မွတ္ပံု တင္ရန္ တင္ျပထားေၾကာင္း ေျပာပါသည္။ ဤအလုပ္သမားမ်ား အဖြဲ႔ထဲမွ April 25/26 တြင္ ၁၄ ဖြဲ႔၊ ဇြန္လ 12 တြင္ 15 ဖြဲ႔၊ ဇြန္လ 23 ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ၁၀ ဖြဲ႔ကို မွတ္ပံုတင္မ်ား ထုတ္ေပးခဲ့ျပီးျဖစ္သည္၊ ထို႔အျပင္ ITUC အစည္းအေ၀း ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္လည္း အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔ ၅၈ ဖြဲ႔ကိုပါ မွတ္ပံုတင္ ထုတ္ေပးခဲ႔ျပီး အလုပ္ရွင္ အဖြဲ႔ကိုလည္း ဖြဲ႔စည္းခဲ့ျပီးျဖစ္သည္ဟု ဆိုပါ သည္။ အလားတူ (UMFCCI-အလုပ္ရွင္မ်ား ကိုယ္စားလွယ္) ေဒၚခိုင္ခိုင္ႏြယ္သည္လည္း ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအေပၚ ႏိုင္ငံျခားမွ စီးပြား ေရး ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈမ်ားေၾကာင့္၊ လာမည္႔ August လတြင္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ားႏွင္႔ ေတြ႔ဆံုရန္ရွိေၾကာင္း ဆိုပါသည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ယခုေဆြးေႏြးပဲြမွ ေဆြးေႏြးခ်က္မ်ားကိုလည္း လုပ္ငန္းရွင္မ်ားအား မိမိ ျပန္လည္ တင္ျပေပးမည္ဟု ဆိုပါသည္။ ATK စက္႐ံု အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔မွ အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ေရွ႔ေန ဦးသူရိန္က ခုံသမာဓိအဖြဲ႔သည္ အလုပ္ရွင္ဘက္မွ လႊမ္းမိုးမႈအား ခံေနရျပီး အလုပ္သမားမ်ားမွာမူ အမႈ မရင္ဆိုင္မီကပင္ ႐ံႈးနိမ္႔ေနျပီးျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တတ္ေရာက္ ၾကားနာရမည္႔ ခံုသမာဓိ အဖြဲ႔ဦးေရသည္ ၁၁ ဦး ျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း အမွန္တကယ္တြင္ ၃ ဦးသာ တတ္ေရာက္ ခဲ႔သျဖင့္ အလုပ္သမားမ်ား ဘက္မွ ထြက္ဆိုခ်က္ မ်ားအား မွတ္တမ္းတင္ျခင္းမရွိခဲ့ဟု ေျပာၾကားပါသည္။ အဆိုပါ ခံုသမာဓိ အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားသည္ ဥပေဒပါ အတိုင္း က်မ္းက်ိန္ျခင္း မရွိသည္ကိုလည္း ေတြ႔ခဲ့ရသည္ဟု ေျပာၾကားသြားခဲ႔ပါသည္။ ထို႔အျပင္ ေတာ္၀င္ျမန္မာ အထည္ခ်ဳပ္ အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ႔ အမႈေဆာင္က မိမိတို႔အလုပ္သမားမ်ား ညအိပ္ဆႏၵျပမႈျပဳ လုပ္ရာ ၁၀ ရက္သာ ခံမည္ဟု ေ၀ဖန္ခံရျပီး အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ား အလုပ္ခ်ိန္အတြင္း စကားေျပာေနသည္ကို ေတြ႔ပါက O.T အျဖဳတ္ခံရေၾကာင္း တင္သြင္းခဲ့ပါသည္။ စာခ်ဳပ္ထဲတြင္ Bonus မျဖတ္ပါဟု ပါရွိပါေသာ္လည္း လက္ေတြ႔တြင္ ညွိႏႈိင္း ေရးအဖြဲ႔အား သြားေရာက္ေျပာဆိုရာ စက္႐ံုသို႔သာ ျပန္လည္ေစလႊတ္ျပီး မည္သည္႔ညွိႏႈိင္းမႈမွ် မျပဳလုပ္ေပးေသးခဲ့ ေၾကာင္း၊ ဤသို႔တင္ျပေသာ အလုပ္သမားကိုယ္စားလွယ္ ၇ ဦးကိုလည္း အလုပ္ရွင္ဘက္မွ ဖိႏွိပ္မႈမ်ားရွိခဲ့ေၾကာင္း အလုပ္ရံုေဆြးေႏြးပဲြတြင္ တင္ျပခဲ့ပါသည္။ အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာ အလုပ္သမား ေရးရာအဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ စက္မွဳလက္မွဳ အႀကံေပး အဖြဲ႔ အႀကီးအကဲ Mr. Ross Wilson သည္ တတ္ေရာက္လာၾကသည့္ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္မ်ားအား ေက်းဇူးတင္ရွိပါေၾကာင္းႏွင္႔ ေဆြးေႏြးေျပာဆိုမႈမ်ားအား မိမိအေန ျဖင္႔ အလုပ္သမား ၀န္ၾကီးဌာနႏွင္႔ ILO အစည္းအေ၀းတြင္ တင္ျပေပးမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း နိဂုံးခ်ဳပ္ ေျပာဆိုသြားပါသည္။ Freedom of Association in Myanmar အလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြကို ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အလုပ္သမား သမဂၢမ်ား အဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (FTUB) ကလည္း ေထာက္ခံေၾကာင္း အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္က ဆိုပါသည္။ “ က်ေနာ္တို႕အေနနဲ႕ ဒီလိုျဖစ္ဖို႕ကို ၁၉၉၂ ခုႏွစ္က ႀကိဳးစားခဲ့တာပါ။ အခုဒီရလဒ္ကေနၿပီးေတာ့ လြတ္လပ္တဲ့အလုပ္ သမားအဖြဲ႕ ဖြဲ႔စည္းေရးကို စနစ္တက် လုပ္သြားဖုိ႕ကိစၥ၊ ျပီးေတာ့ အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာ စံႏွဳန္းစံထားေတြ မီွဖို႕ကိစၥကို ဆက္လုပ္သြားဖို႔ လိုဦးမယ္။ ဒါမွက်ေနာ္တို႕ႏိုင္ငံရဲ့ အခုလို စီးပြားေရး ရင္းႏွီးျမွဳပ္ႏွံမွဳ ေတြ ဖြင့္ထားတဲ့ အခ်ိန္ကာလမွာ အလုပ္သမားေတြရဲ႕ အေျခခံ အခြင့္အေရး လယ္သမားေတြရဲ႕ အေျခခံ အခြင့္အေရး ေနာက္တစ္ခါ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ ထိမ္းသိန္းေရးဆိုတဲ့ ကိစၥေတြ ေနာက္တာရွည္ခံမယ့္ စီးပြားေရး စနစ္ေတြ ျဖစ္ဖို႕ကို အေျခခံ အလုပ္သမားေတြဖက္က ထိန္း ႏုိင္မယ့္ အေနအထား ျပန္ျဖစ္သြားမယ္လို႕ က်ေနာ္ကေမွ်ာ္လင့္တယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႕ အားလုံး ၀ိုင္းလုပ္ဖို႕ အမ်ားႀကီးေတာ့ လိုပါေသးတယ္” ဟု ဆိုပါသည္။ FTUB သည္ လြတ္လပ္ေသာ အလုပ္သမား သမဂၢျဖစ္လာေရးႏွင့္ အလုပ္သမား အခြင့္အေရး ရပိုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကို ILO ႏွင့္ အႏွစ္ (၂၀) ေက်ာ္ၾကာ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ပါသည္။ ဤကဲ့သို႔ ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္လာရာက ယေန႔ Freedom of Association in Myanmar အလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြ ေပၚေပါက္ လာခဲ့ပါသည္။ ဤေဆြးေႏြးပဲြသည္ အိုင္အယ္လ္အိုႏွင့္ ျမန္မာ အလုပ္သမား အဖြဲ႕အစည္းမ်ား အၾကား ပထမဆုံး အႀကိမ္အႀကိမ္ အလုပ္ရံုေဆြးေႏြးပဲြ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
ILO ကိုယ္စားလွယ္အဖြဲ႔ FTUB ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြနဲ႔ ေဆြးေႏြး
2011-02-26
ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့ ရက္ပုိင္းအတြင္း ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံကို သြားေရာက္ခဲ့တဲ့ ILO ဒု ညႊန္ၾကား ေရးမွဴးခ်ဳပ္ Mr. Guy Ryder နဲ႔ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္အဖြဲ႔ဟာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အလုပ္သမားသမဂၢမ်ားအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ FTUB နဲ႔ ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕မွာ ဒီကေန႔ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တယ္ လို႔ သိရပါတယ္။
ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလ ၂၂ ရက္ကေန ၂၅ ရက္ေန႔အထိ ၄ ရက္ၾကာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံခရီးစဥ္ အၿပီး ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕ကို ျပန္ေရာက္လာစဥ္ အခုလို ေတြ႔ဆုံၾကတာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ FTUB ရဲ႕ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္က RFA ကို ေျပာပါတယ္။
“FTUB နဲ႔ ဒီ Guy Ryder ဦးေဆာင္တဲ့ ILO ကုိယ္စားလွယ္အဖြဲ႔ အစည္းအေဝးပါ။ ဒါ သူ႔ရဲ႕ ပထမဆံုး ခရီးစဥ္ေပါ့ေနာ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ႏိုင္ငံကို စီးပြားေရးပိတ္ဆို႔မႈနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေတာ့ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း သိခဲ့ရတယ္၊ ေနျပည္ေတာ္မွာလည္း သူသြားၿပီး ေတြ႔ခဲ့ရတယ္ ဆုိတဲ့အတြက္ အားမရေသးတာေတာ့ ရွိေပမယ့္ ဆက္လက္ၿပီး အလုပ္လုပ္ဖို႔၊ ေနာက္ ILO ရံုးကို လူအင္အား ေငြအင္အား ျဖည့္ဖို႔ေတြ၊ ေနာက္တခါ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ဖြဲ႔စည္းမႈဆုိတဲ့ Freedom of association နဲ႔႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ပိုၿပီး ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ လုပ္ဖုိ႔ လုိမယ္ဆုိတဲ့အေၾကာင္း ေဆြးေႏြးသြားပါတယ္။”
Mr. Guy Ryder ရဲ႕ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္အဖြဲ႔ဟာ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကို ေရာက္ခဲ့စဥ္ ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရ အလုပ္သမားေရး ဝန္ႀကီး အပါအဝင္ အက်ဥ္းဦးစီးဌာန တာဝန္ရွိသူေတြနဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ လြတ္လပ္စြာ သင္းပင္းဖြဲ႔စည္းပိုင္ခြင့္ ဆိုင္ရာ အေၾကာင္းအရာေတြကို ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကတယ္လို႔ သိရပါတယ္။
အဓမၼလုပ္အားေပး ခုိင္းေစမႈ ပေပ်ာက္ေရးအတြက္ ILO အဖြဲ႔နဲ႔ လက္တြဲ လုပ္သြားဖို႔ ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရက သေဘာတူ လက္မွတ္ေရးထိုးခဲ့တာဟာ အခုတႀကိမ္န႔ဲဆို ၄ ႀကိမ္ရွိသြားၿပီလုိ႔ သိရပါတယ္။
ဒီကေန႔ ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕မွာ ILO ကိုယ္စားလွယ္အဖြဲ႔နဲ႔ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တာန႔ဲ ပတ္သက္လို႔ FTUB အေထြေထြ အတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ကုိ RFA ဝိုင္းေတာ္သား ကိုဥာဏ္ဝင္းေအာင္က ဆက္သြယ္ ေမးျမန္းထားပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရႏွင့္ အုိင္အယ္အုိ စာခြ်န္လႊာ သက္တမ္းတုိး
2011-02-25
ရန္ကုန္မွာ ေရာက္ရွိေနတဲ့ အုိင္အယ္အုိ အရာရွိ မစၥတာ ဂုိင္း ႐ိုက္ဒါက ဒီကေန႔ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီ ၂၅ ရက္ မနက္မွာ ျမန္မာ့ ဒီမုိကေရစီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ ေနအိမ္မွာ သြားေရာက္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သတင္းရရွိပါတယ္။
(Photo: AFP)
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ကေလးသူငယ္မ်ား အ႐ြယ္ႏွင့္မမွ် ဤကဲ့သို႔ အလုပ္လုပ္ေနၾကရသည္မွာ အလုပ္သမား ျပႆနာႀကီးတခု ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
မစၥတာ ဂုိင္း ႐ိုက္ဒါဟာ ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရနဲ႔ အုိင္အယ္အုိအၾကား နားလည္မႈ စာခၽြန္လႊာ တႏွစ္ သက္တမ္းတုိးဖုိ႔ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ ေရာက္ရွိေနတာ ျဖစ္ၿပီး မေန႔က စာခၽြန္လႊာကုိ လက္မွတ္ေရးထုိးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဒီကေန႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ ေတြ႕ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တဲ့ အေၾကာင္းေတြကုိ အန္အယ္ဒီ ျပန္ၾကားေရးတာဝန္ခံ ဦးအုန္းႀကိဳင္က အခုလို ေျပာျပပါတယ္။
“ILO အဖြဲ႕က နအဖ အစိုးရနဲ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာေတြကို ရွင္းျပတယ္လို႔ သိရပါတယ္။ အဓမၼ လုပ္အားေပး ခိုင္းေစမႈ ကိစၥေတြ ပေပ်ာက္ေရးအတြက္ သေဘာတူထားတဲ့ စာခၽြန္လႊာကို သက္တမ္း တႏွစ္ တိုးၿပီး ေဆာင္႐ြက္ဖို႔ သေဘာတူခဲ့ၿပီး ျဖစ္တယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ေနာက္ အလုပ္သမား အက်ိဳးစီးပြား ခံစားခြင့္ေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေတာ့ လုပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္ေတြ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ဖို႔ ကိစၥလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တယ္လို႔ အဲလို ေျပာပါတယ္။”
“အလုပ္သမားမ်ား အစည္းအ႐ံုးတို႔၊ သမဂၢတို႔ ဖြဲ႕စည္းေရး ကိစၥေတြလည္း ပါတယ္လို႔ ဆိုပါတယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ အေထြေထြ အတြင္းေရးမႉးကေတာ့ အခုလို အလုပ္သမား အက်ိဳးခံစားခြင့္ေတြကို တိုးခ်ဲ႕ၿပီးေတာ့ လုပ္ကိုင္ဖို႔ ႀကိဳးပမ္းတာကို သိရတဲ့အတြက္ေၾကာင့္ အားရပါတယ္၊ ဒီကိစၥေတြအတြက္ သေဘာလည္း တူပါတယ္၊ အဲဒီေတာ့ မည္သို႔ပင္ျဖစ္ေစ ILO လုပ္ငန္းေတြဟာ အခက္အခဲ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးၾကားထဲမွာ ႀကိဳးပမ္းေနရတယ္ဆိုတာ သေဘာေပါက္ပါတယ္၊ ဘာပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ ILO ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ဆက္လက္ၿပီး တည္ရွိေနတာကိုက အားတက္စရာ တခုပါပဲလို႔ အဲဒီလို ေျပာလိုက္တယ္လို႔ သိရပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်။”
ဒီေတြ႕ဆုံပဲြမွာ အန္အယ္ဒီ အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္ေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးဉာဏ္ဝင္းနဲ႔ ဦးဟံသာျမင့္တုိ႔လည္း တက္ေရာက္ေၾကာင္း သိရပါတယ္။
ဒီကိစၥနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လုိ႔ ဦးဉာဏ္ဝင္းကို RFA ဝိုင္းေတာ္သား ကိုေနရိန္ေက်ာ္ ဆက္သြယ္ ေမးျမန္းထားပါတယ္။
ILO Welcomes Burma's Proposed New Labor Laws
Ron Corben | Bangkok 18 January 2011
The International Labor Organization (ILO) says it is encouraged by proposed legislation in Burma to allow greater freedom for labor unions, but remains concerned about the use of forced child labor in the military and private sector.
The ILO representative in Burma, Steve Marshall, speaking to reporters Tuesday, said Burma’s military is preparing legislation that will allow for legal trade unions, with rights to strike. Marshall said this is a further step in signs of economic reform.
The legislation is set to be presented before a new parliament elected last November and due to hold its first session in late January. Marshall said the legislation marks a major step in the country’s labor rights.
"Obviously, the issue of freedom of association, which is effectively the right of workers and people to be represented which includes the issues of, for example, collective bargaining, it would include the issues of the right to strike ... they are critical and if passed into law make a big change in terms of the way in which the society is able to develop," said Marshall.
The military government in Burma, also known as Myanmar, already has ratified the internationally recognized Freedom of Association Convention, which is the standard set by the ILO.
Marshall says, though, that while the introduction of the legislation is a step towards an improved labor market in Burma, the overall reform program remains in its early days.
Human rights groups say while unions and associations have been a feature of Burma’s economic and political life, they have been tightly regulated by the military.
Trade unionists also have been jailed for activities "not sanctioned’ by the military." Thailand-based rights group, Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), says of the more than 2,100 political prisoners currently detained, 44 are labor activists.
The ILO’s chief goal in Burma has been to assist in ending forced labor and it has an agreement with the military government that enables complaints to be lodged with the organization’s country offices. Last year the ILO received 370 complaints, marking a sharp increase over recent years.
Marshall said the ILO remains concerned over ongoing issues of child labor and recruitment of child soldiers into Burma’s armed forces. He said there have been signs of progress in dealings with the armed forces.
"In the area of child soldiers - yes - there is a general positive move," said Marshall. "In the last year, for example, 73 children - as a result of complaints made to the ILO - were released and discharged from the military."
The military government recently announced a program of national military service for both men and women that may come into effect beginning in 2012.
Burma’s army, faced with problems of recruitment and desertion, has looked to underage recruitment using labor brokers. Marshall said the proposed national service is expected to have a direct impact on child recruits.
Marshall added that many children often are lured into forced labor due to poverty when families are unable to pay for the child’s education.
But forced labor remains a major problem across Burma, with rights groups citing villages forced to construct roads and other work for the military, while jailed prisoners also are recruited for local industries.
A further assessment of Burma’s labor practices is expected to take place in February, when an ILO mission, including labor specialists, will appraise the reforms and new labor legislation. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/asia/southeast/ILO-Welcomes-Burmas-Proposed-New-Labor-Laws-114145209.html
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ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကို အုိင္အယ္အုိအရာရွိ ေတြ႕ဆုံရွင္းျပ
2010-12-20
ဒီကေန႔ ဒီဇင္ဘာ ၂၀ ရက္ ေန႔လည္ ၂ နာရီေလာက္က အုိင္အယ္အုိ ညိႇႏႈိင္းေရးအရာရွိ မစၥတာ စတိဗ္ မာရွယ္ဟာ ျမန္မာ့ ဒီမုိကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ သြားေရာက္ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြင္း အုိင္အယ္အုိ အဖဲြ႕အစည္းအေနနဲ႔ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတာေတြကုိ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကုိ ေျပာျပ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တယ္လုိ႔ မစၥတာ စတိဗ္ မာရွယ္က RFA ကုိ ေျပာပါတယ္။
(Photo: AFP)
ျမန္မာ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ႏိုဝင္ဘာ ၂၆ ရက္ေန႔က အမ်ိဳးသား ဒီမိုကေရစီ အဖြဲ႕ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) ႐ံုးမွ ထြက္ခြာသြားစဥ္ ေတြ႕ရပံု ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ (Photo: AFP)
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ ဒီကေန႔ ေန႔လည္က ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့တယ္ဆုိတာ မွန္ကန္ေၾကာင္း၊ သူ႔အေနနဲ႔ အုိင္အယ္အုိ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတာေတြကုိ ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း၊ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြင္း အုိင္အယ္အုိ အေနနဲ႔ လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏုိင္ခြင့္ ရွိတဲ့ အတုိင္းအတာအရ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနေတြကုိ ရွင္းလင္း ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း၊ အဓိက ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့တဲ့ ကိစၥေတြကေတာ့ အဓမၼ လုပ္အားေပး ေစခုိင္းေနတဲ့ကိစၥ၊ ခေလးစစ္သားကိစၥ၊ လူကုန္ကူးမႈ စတဲ့ ျပသနာေတြကုိ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း၊ အလြန္ေကာင္းမြန္တဲ့ ေဆြးေႏြးပဲြတရပ္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း မစၥတာစတိမာရွယ္က ေျပာျပသြားပါတယ္။
ဒီကေန႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ သြားေရာက္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့တဲ့ ပဲြမွာ မစၥတာ စတိဗ္ မာရွယ္နဲ႔အတူ လက္ေထာက္ ညႇိႏႈိင္းေရးအရာရွိလည္း လုိက္ပါေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရပါတယ္။
(၉၉)ႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ILOညီလာခံ စံနႈန္းစံထားေကာ္မတီ၊ အထူးႀကားနာခ်က္မွ ခ်မွတ္ေသာဆုံျဖတ္ခ်က္အေပၚ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံအလုပ္သမားသမဂၢမ်ားအဖဲြ ့ခ်ဳပ္၏ ထုတ္ျပန္ေႀကာျငာခ်က္
The Burmese junta increases forced labour and child soldiers
ILO Report: The Burmese junta increases forced labour and child soldiers
50% increase in complaints of forced labour and more than half involving children and young people enrolled in the army. The military junta has inserted a provision in the Constitution that authorizes the use of civilians in the construction of roads, infrastructure, such as porters or minesweepers.
Yangon (AsiaNews / Agencies) - The alleged cases of forced labour in Myanmar increased by 50% over the past five months, over half concerns the recruitment of children and young people among the ranks of the army. This is shown by a recent report by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which admits the "ineffectiveness" of pressure to the Burmese government.
Last June, the ILO criticized a provision of the Constitution of Myanmar – which the junta drafted and ratified in a farce referendum in 2008 - that justifies the exploitation of forced labour as punishment for crimes or "in case of assignments entrusted by the Union [Myanmar], in accordance with law and in the public interest.”
As of 28 October, allegations of forced labour made to the ILO offices are 223. These are supplemented by the recruitment of 112 children in the army over the past seven months. Aye Myint, an activist for the rights of workers in Pegu, Bago division, told the dissident newspaper The Irrawaddy that the young people were recruited between May and November "and families have submitted complaints.
Defence of human rights groups confirm that the Burmese military junta continues a campaign of forced recruitment of minors into the army. Children are picked up from school, bars, cinemas or in the evening as they return home. They are threatened and beaten if they resist. Completed training, they are sent to war zones to fight against ethnic rebels.
The ILO document explains that, following complaints from families, “59 child soldiers were demobilized, 30 cases are currently pending and awaiting the start of the nine others". Forced labour in Myanmar takes on many forms: construction of roads and infrastructure, use of civilians as porters for the army or minesweepers.
The government has signed an agreement with the International Labour Organization "not to punish" those who report cases of forced labour. In many cases happens, however, that local officials (civilian and military) retaliate, through harassment or violence against those who dare to rebel.
The Karen Human Rights Group (Khrg) is launching a new appeal for "a real step forward in defending the rights of children affected by war." The problem of child soldiers has dragged on for years in Myanmar: a report by Human Rights Watch (HRW) in 2002 estimated that at least 70 thousand members of the Burmese army are under the age of 18.
http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=16903&size=A
BURMA: ILO Turns Spotlight on Officials to End Forced Labour
Inter Press Service News Agency
BURMA: ILO Turns Spotlight on Officials to End Forced Labour
By Marwaan Macan-Markar
BANGKOK, Sep 3 (IPS) - The International Labour Organisation (ILO) is turning its attention to a western corner of military-ruled Burma to end the scourge of forced labour, which remains rampant in most parts of the South-east Asian nation.
On Sunday, the ILO will be hosting a rare meeting of judges, military officers, police officers and members of the local labour department as part of its effort to raise awareness aimed at ending a form of human rights abuse that, at times, has included victims as young as 11.
"We hope to make presentations on international humanitarian law and raise issues about forced labour, child soldiers and harassment," says Steve Marshall, the ILO’s representative in Burma, also known as Myanmar. "This is a positive step."
There are a lot of "policy conflicts" on this issue, Marshall told a small group of journalists during a recent visit to Bangkok. "Even though we are being permitted to have this event, the military see themselves as above the law."
The weekend meeting in Sittwe, a port city in Burma’s Arakan state, close to the Bangladesh border, will be the fifth of its kind the Geneva-based labour organisation has held in Burma since July 2007.
The ILO’s efforts to make such inroads in a country ruled by a notoriously stubborn and defiant regime – particularly in placing strict limits on international agencies challenging its grip on power – have set this labour rights body apart from other United Nations agencies and international humanitarian organisations operating in Burma.
"The ILO is the only international organisation that has maintained principled pressure and engagement of the Burmese regime," says David Scott Mathieson, Burma consultant for Human Rights Watch, the New York-based global rights lobby. "It has shown how international organisations should deal with the Burmese government – that they will not keep quiet about problems, yet keep engaging and trying to help improve the situation."
At the same time, though, the concessions the military regime is offering to the ILO is not a sign of a growing shift in policy aimed at ending the forced labour problem, Mathieson tells IPS. "It is one of grudging respect. If the Burmese government can get away with not dealing with the ILO, it would do so."
The pressure on the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), as the military regime is formally known, stems from its running battles with the ILO. In 2006, following reports that Burma was failing in its obligations to the ILO to end forced labour, more pressure was turned on the SPDC.
The ILO’s members threatened to haul the country before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague for its record of abusive labour practices. Burma would have been the first country to face such humiliation had no changes been made on the ground.
One of the demands placed by the ILO was for Burma to have in place a "credible mechanism for dealing with complaints of forced labour with all necessary guarantees for the protection of complaints."
Yet, while the ILO office in Burma has developed a network to gather information on incidents of forced labour, the mechanism for victims of the abuse or their families to lodge complaints is far from perfect. "That people are getting arrested when complaining is still a concern," admits ILO’s Marshall. "Currently there are two people in jail for making complaints to the ILO. They have been charged under the Official Secrets Act." This law considers it an offence for any person to possess information deemed classified by the state.
Also coming in the way of the ILO’s forced labour-reporting mechanism is the junta preventing reader-friendly material about these human rights violations being printed in local languages and distributed across the country. Only the formal document, peppered with legal language, has been approved for distribution.
The junta’s resolve to stop the forced labour network being dismantled stems from how much the military culture depends on such abuse to achieve its military and development ends. The more pervasive forms of forced labour, some in almost slave-like conditions, include portering for the military, cleaning army camps, building military structures and even walking ahead of troops in areas infested with landmines.
"Forced labour and Burma is like the head and tail of a coin," states the Federation of Trade Unions – Burma, a network of Burmese labour rights activists operating in exile, including Thailand and the United States. "Millions of people of Burma have been used for state projects of railroad building, strategic road construction, army barrack building, army-run businesses and (for the) agro-economy. "
The Arakan state, where the ILO is hosting Sunday’s meeting, is notorious. The victims are the state’s Rohingyas, an ethnic Muslim minority in predominantly Buddhist Burma. They have been a victim of gross rights violations, including restrictions to get married unless the state gives approval. Familes are forced to work four days a week and have to plant crops that the military orders.
Forced labour the Rohingyas are subject to during the ongoing monsoon season has been documented in the paddy fields, planting physic nut trees and rubber saplings, for road repair, states a recent report by The Arakan Project, which monitors rights violations of the Rohingyas.
In addition, due to border tensions between Burma and Bangladesh, "the Burmese regime suddenly brought shiploads of building material in order to erect a border fence along the Bangladesh-Burma border," adds the Project report, ‘Large Increase in Forced Labour along the Bangladesh-Burma Border: Forced Labour Practices in North Arakan’. "By April large numbers of villagers were then recruited to raise an embankment."
"This year forced labour in North Arakan has significantly increased mainly due to the construction of the border fence along the Bangladesh-Burma border and the sudden increase of army battalions along the border," says Chris Lewa, author of the report and coordinator of the Project.
"Forced labour occurs throughout the year and usually follows a seasonal pattern. In the dry season, villagers are mostly recruited for construction work in military camps and repairing roads," she says.
Yet she doubts the ILO’s presence in the Arakan state will reduce the suffering endured by the persecuted Rohingya minority. "Most Rohingyas would not be aware of the ILO’s complaint mechanism, but even if they were and would be ready to take the risk of lodging a complaint, they would be unable to do so due to the restriction of movement imposed on them," Lewa reveals in an interview. "They need to obtain permission even to travel to a neighbouring village."
အလုပ္သမားအခြင့္အေရး
ILO ညီလာခံရဲ့ ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံနဲ့ပတ္သတ္တဲ့ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကို ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံအလုပ္သမားသမဂၢမ်ားအဖြဲ ့ခ်ဳပ္ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမွဳးဦးေမာင္ေမာင္နွင့္ RFA ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းခ်က္
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ (၉၈)ႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ ကမၻာ့အလုပ္သမားအဖြဲ ့ခ်ဳပ္ ILO ညီလာခံကေန ျမန္မာနို္ငံနဲ့ ပတ္သတ္ျပီး အေရးယူေဆာင္ရြက္မဲ့အစီအစဥ္ေတြ ဆံုးျဖတ္လိုက္တယ္လို့ သိရပါတယ္ ဘာေတြမ်ား ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်ခဲ့ပါလဲ
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္ရွိတယ္ ။အဓိကအခ်က္ကေတာ့ သကရာဇ္ ၂၀၀၀-၂၀၀၆ တုန္းက ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့တဲ့ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြရွိတယ္။ အဲဒီ့ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြအတိုင္း လိုက္နာမယ္လို့ေျပာျပီး မလိုက္နာလို ေ၇ွ့ဆက္ျပီး ဒါကို ျမန္ျမန္ဆန္ဆန္လုပ္ဖို ့ဆိုတာကို သေဘာထားေပးတယ္။ သေဘာထားေပးတဲ့ ေနရာမွာ ဆက္လက္ျပီးေတာ့ မလုပ္ေဆာင္ နိုင္ရင္ ဘာလုပ္မယ္ဆိုတဲ့ကိစၥေတြ၇ွိတာေပါ့ေနာ္ ။ ဥပမာ ICJ အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာခံုရံုးေပါ့ ။ခံုရံုးကိုသြားျပီး ျမန္မာျပည္က ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္တာေတြကို ဆက္လက္ တင္ျပမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ ကိစၥရွိတယ္။ခ်က္ခ်င္းေဖာ္ေဆာင္ရမဲ့လုပ္ငန္း အားလံုးက လုပ္ဖို ့ဆိုတဲ့ဟာ ကိုတင္ျပသြားတာ ရွိတယ္။
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ခ်က္ခ်င္းလုပ္ေဆာင္ရမဲ့လုပ္ငန္းဆိုတာဘယ္လို လုပ္ငန္းေတြလဲ ခင္ဗ်ား
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ အေရးႀကီးဆံုး တခ်က္ကေတာ့ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ န အ ဖ ရဲ့ ၂၀၁၀ အတြက္ ျပင္ဆင္ေနတဲ့ အေျခခံဥပေဒ ထဲမွာ ပုဒ္မ ၃၅၉ အပိုဒ္ ၁၅ အခန္းခြဲ ၈ မွာပါတဲ့ ေျပာဆိုခ်က္ေတြဟာ အဓမၼလုပ္အားေပးမွဳကို အားေပးရာေရာက္တဲ့အတြက္ေႀကာင့္ ဒါကို ျပင္ဆင္ေပးပါဆိုတာကို ILO က ေတာင္းဆိုလိုက္တယ္ (ဒီနွစ္ထဲမွာ)
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္။ ။ ဒါဟာ ၂၀၀၈ ဖြဲ ့စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒကို ျပင္ဆင္ခိုင္းတာေပါ့ေလ အကယ္၍ မျပင္ဘူးဆိုရင္ သူတို ့ဘာ လုပ္မယ္ဆိုတာပါေသးလားခင္ဗ်ား။
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ မျပင္ခဲ့ရင္ ဘာလုပ္မယ္ဆိုတာမပါဘူး ဒါေပမဲ့ခုနကကြ်န္ေနာ္တင္ ျပခဲ့သလို သကၠရာဇ္ ၂၀၀၀-၂၀၀၆မွာ ခ်ခဲ့တဲ့ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္မွာရွိထားျပီးသားဟာ ဘာလဲဆိုရင္ လိုက္နာမွဳ မရွိခဲ့ဘူးဆိုရင္ အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာခံုရံုးကိုသြားျပီး ခံုရံုးက တဆင့္ ဆက္လက္ျပီးေတာ့ ေရွ့သြားမဲ့လုပ္ငန္းေတြကိုသူတို့ ေျပာဆိုထားတယ္။ အဲဒီ့ေျပာဆိုထားတဲ့လုပ္ငန္းေတြဟာ ဘာလဲဆိုရင္ စီးပြြါးေရးပိတ္စို့မွဳတို ့ရင္းနွီးျမဳတ္နွံမွဳေတြ ရပ္ဆိုင္မွဳအားလံုးကို အဲဒီ့ကတည္းက ေဆြးေႏြးထားျပီးသား ျဖစ္တဲ့ အတြက္ေႀကာင့္ အခုလိုျပင္ဆင္မွဳမရွိဘူးဆိုရင္ မႀကာခင္မွာပဲ နို၀င္ဘာလ အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးေကာ္မတီ အစည္းအေ၀းမွာ တစ္ခါျပန္ျပီး သံုးသပ္တဲ့အခါအေျဖက္ုက်ေနာ္တို ့ေတြ ့ရပါလိမ္ ့မယ္။
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ ေနာက္တစ္ခုက အခုအစည္းအေ၀းမွာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ရဲ့အမွဳကိစၥနဲ့ ပတ္သတ္ျပီးေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလးေျပာဆိုႀကတယ္လို ့ႀကားရပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား။ အဲဒီ့ကိစၥနဲ့ပတ္သတ္ျပီးေတာ့ ဘာမ်ား ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ခ်ပါသလဲ ခင္ဗ်ား
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္မွာေတာ့ အေျခခံလူ ့အခြင့္အေရးခ်ိဳးေဖာက္မွဳျဖစ္တဲ့ နို္င္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေတြကို ဖမ္းဆီးထားတဲ့ကိစၥ အလုပ္သမားအခြင့္အေရးကို လုပ္ေဆာင္တဲ့သူေတြကို ဖမ္းဆီးထားတဲ့ကိစၥ အထူးသျဖင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္း စုႀကည္ဟာ က်ေနာ္တို ့ဗမာျပည္ ျပည္လည္သင့္ျမတ္ေရးမွာ ျပန္လည္ဖြြ့ံျဖိဳးေရးမွာ မပါမျဖစ္တဲ့ ပုဂိုလ္တစ္ဦးျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ေႀကာင့္အဲဒီ့ ပုဂိုလ္ဟာလြတ္ဖို ့လိုတယ္ဆိုတဲ့အေနအထားမ်ိဳးကို ကမၻာ့အလုပ္သမားေရးရာအဖြဲ ့ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးက ေတာင္းဆို ထားတာဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ထဲမွာပါ ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္။ ။ ဒီေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ေတြနဲ့ပတ္သတ္ျပီးေတာ့ စစ္အစိုးရဖက္ကေနျပီး ဘယ္လိုမ်ား တုန္ ့ျပန္ခ်က္ေတြမ်ား လုပ္ပါသလဲ
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ ခါတိုင္းနွစ္ေတြက ျပန္ျပီးေတာ့ျငင္းဆိုတာတို ့ေဆြးေႏြးတာတို ့ရွိတယ္။ ဒီနွစ္ေတာ့ ဘာမွေျပာမသြားဘူး ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္က်တဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာလည္း ဒီလိုပဲအားလံုးသေဘာတူတယ္ျငိမ္ျပီးျပန္သြားတာပဲခင္ဗ်
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္က အစည္းအေ၀း သဘာပတိကေႀကညာလိုက္တာလားခင္ဗ်
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ာ က်ေနာ္တို ့အစည္းအေ၀းစဖြင့္တယ္ က်ေနာ္တင္ျပႀကတယ္ နအဖ ကတင္ျပတယ္ အလုပ္သမားကိုယ္စားလွယ္တင္ျပတယ္ အလုပ္ရွင္ကိုယ္စားလွယ္တင္ျပတယ္ ျပီးေတာ့တခါ ျပန္ျပီးသံုးသပ္တယ္ ျပီးတဲ့ ေနာက္မွာ ညီလာခံ ဥကၠဌကေနျပီးေတာ့ သူတို ့အဖြဲ ့ငယ္ေလးတစ္ခု နဲ့ေဆြးေႏြးျပီးေတာ့ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ခ်တယ္။ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ခ်တဲ့အေႀကာင္းကိုလည္း ေႀကညာတာက ဥကၠဌက ပဲေႀကညာသြားတာပါ။
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ ဒီေႀကညာခ်က္ေတြဟာ စာနဲ့ေပ နဲ့ထြက္လာပါဦးမလားခင္ဗ်ာ
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ က်ေနာ္တို ့အဂၤ ါေန ့ေလာက္ဆိုထြက္ပါျပီ
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ ဟုတ္ကဲ့ ဒီအစည္းအေ၀းေပၚကရလဒ္ေပၚမွာ ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္အေနနဲ ့ဘာမ်ားသံုးသပ္ခ်င္ပါသလဲခင္ဗ်ာ
ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ ။ ။ က်ေနာ္ကေတာ့ေႀကနပ္အားရပါတယ္ က်ေနာ္တို ့ ၁၉၉၂ေလာက္ကတည္းက ေတာက္ေလ်ာက္ လုပ္လာ ခဲ့တဲ့ကိစၥေတြမွာ အစဥ္တစိုက္ ဖိအားေပးခဲ့ျပီးေတာ့ ေျပာင္းလဲမွုအတြက္ ။ အေျခခံအလုပ္သမားအခြင့္အေရးကို ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္မွဳ အတြက္ ႀကိဳးစာေနတာကို က်ေနာ္တို ့ေတြ ့ရတယ္ ခုထက္ထိလည္း အားမေလ်ာ့သြားတဲ့အျပင္ အခုလိုလာမဲ့ ၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲနဲ ့ပတ္သတ္တဲ့ အေျခခံဥပေဒကိုျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲဖို ့အတြက္စတင္ျပီးေတာ့ အျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာအဖြဲ ့အစည္း တခုကေန တိတိက်က်ေထာက္ျပျပီးေတာ့ ေျပာတဲ့ကိစၥ ကအင္မတန္ အားရွိတယ္ ဒါကိုလည္းအျခားအျပည္ျပည္ဆိုင္ရာအဖြဲ ့အစည္းေတြမွာ ျဖစ္ေအာင္ဆက္လက္ျပီး ႀကိဳးစားသြားမယ္လို ့ က်ေနာ္ကေျပာခ်င္ပါတယ္ ။
ဦးတင္ေအာင္ခိုင္ ။ ။ ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါတယ္ ဦးေမာင္ေမာင္ခင္ဗ်ား
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Labels: သတင္း
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ကေလးအခြင့္အေရး
ထိုင္းနယ္စပ္ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားပေပ်ာက္ေရးေန႕ အခမ္းအနား
ျမန္မာကေလးမ်ား ပါ၀င္တက္ေရာက္
ႏြယ္ေလး။
ဇြန္လ ၁၂ ရက္၊ ၂၀၀၉ ခုႏွစ္။
ထိုင္း-ျမန္မာနယ္စပ္ မဲေဆာက္ၿမဳိ႕တြင္ ယေန႕ က်ေရာက္သည့္ ကေလးအလုပ္သမား ပေပ်ာက္ေရးေန႕ အခမ္း အနား၌ ျမန္မာေရြ႕ေျပာင္းအလုပ္သမားမ်ား၏ ကေလးမ်ားလည္း ပါ၀င္ ဆင္ႏြဲခဲ့ၾကသည္။
ျမန္မာကေလးမ်ားက တိုင္းရင္းသား ရိုးရာယဥ္ေက်းမႈမ်ားျဖင့္ ပူးေပါင္းပါ၀င္ခြင့္ ရခဲ့သည္ဟု မယ္ေတာ္ ေဆးခန္းမွ ဖြင့္လွစ္ထားသည့္ ကေလးမ်ား ဖံြ႕ၿဖိဳးတိုးတက္ေရးစင္တာ (CDC)မွ ေက်ာင္းအုပ္ ဆရာ မန္းေရႊနွင္း က ေျပာ သည္။
“က်ေနာ္တို႕ ျမန္မာကေလးေတြက ထို္္င္းေက်ာင္းက ကေလးေတြနဲ႕ ကေလးအလုပ္သမား ပေပ်ာက္ ေရး ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္၊ ယူဆခ်က္၊ ေဆာင္ပုဒ္ေတြနဲ႕ ၿမိဳင္ၿမိဳင္ဆိုင္ဆိုင္ ပါ၀င္ခ်ီတက္ ခြင့္ရတာ၊ ျမန္မာအ ကေတြနဲ႕ ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖခြင့္ရတာ သူတို႕ေလးေတြ စိတ္ဓါတ္ေရးရာအရ ညီတူ ပါ၀င္ခြင့္ရေတာ့ ေက်နပ္ေန တာမ်ိဳး စိတ္ဓါတ္အပိုင္းလဲ ပိုၿပီးတက္ၾကြမႈရွိတာျမင္ရတယ္။”
ထိုင္းဌာနဆိုင္ရာနွင့္ နိုင္ငံတကာ အလုပ္သမားေရးရာ အဖဲြ႕ခ်ဳပ္(ILO)တို႕ ဦးစီးၿပီး က်င္းပသည့္ အခမ္းအနားသို႕ မဲေဆာက္ရွိ ျမန္မာေရြ႕ေျပာင္း အလုပ္သမားေက်ာင္းမွ ေက်ာင္းသူ ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ားနွင့္ ထိုင္း ေက်ာင္း(၅)ေက်ာင္းမွ ေက်ာင္းသူေက်ာင္းသား အင္အား (၆၅၀၀)ေက်ာ္ တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့သည္။
ထိုင္းသက္ဆိုင္ရာမွ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားပေပ်ာက္ေရး အတြက္ ၀ိုင္း၀န္းတိုက္ဖ်က္ျခင္း သရုပ္ျပ၊ ကေလးအလုပ္ သမား ပါ၀င္လုပ္ကိုင္မႈ သရုပ္ျပ၊ ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖပဲြ၊ ပန္းခ်ီၿပိဳင္ပဲြ၊ လက္မႈ ပညာၿပိဳင္ပဲြမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္သည္ဟု အခမ္းအနား သို႕တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့သူ ေန႕သစ္ေက်ာင္းမွ ဆရာ ရဲရင့္ေအာင္ က ယခုလိုေျပာသည္။
“လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ပဲြ တခုလုပ္တယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ျပဇာတ္ေတြ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားပံုစံမ်ိဳး ပန္းရံ လုပ္တဲ့ပံု ေတြ၊ အမိႈက္ေကာက္တဲဲ့ပံုေတြ သရုပ္ျပတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႕ Migrant ေက်ာင္းကပဲ သရုပ္ေဆာင္ၾက တယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႕ေက်ာင္းက ကေလးေတြေတာ့ တံငါသည္လို ကြန္ပိုက္နဲ႕ သရုပ္ျပတယ္။ တျခားက ရိုးရာ အကေတြနဲ႕ ေဖ်ာ္ေျဖတယ္။ ထိုင္းကေလးေတြက အတီး အမႈတ္ ပိုင္းပါ။”
မဲေဆာက္ၿမိဳ႕တြင္ ကေလးအလုပ္သမားပေပ်ာက္ေရးေန႕ အခမ္းအနားကို ဒုတိယအၾကိမ္ေျမာက္ က်င္းပျခင္းျဖစ္ ျပီး (ILO) အဖဲြ႕မွ လာမည့္ ၂၀၁၀ ခုနွစ္တြင္ ကမၻာတ၀ွမ္း ကေလး အလုပ္သမား ပေပ်ာက္ေစရန္ စီစဥ္ေဆာင္ ရြက္သြားမည္ဟု သိရသည္။
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Labels: သတင္း
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ILO Warns Global Financial Crisis Could Lead to More Child Labor
http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-06-10-voa45.cfm
By Lisa Schlein
Geneva
10 June 2009
The International Labor Organization, or ILO, warns that the global financial crisis could push more children, particularly girls, into child labor. The ILO is highlighting the plight of girls in a new report that finds girls are just as likely as boys to be forced into some of the most hazardous forms of child labor. The report is being released in advance of the World Day Against Child Labor, which falls on June 12.
Child labor is an equal opportunity employer. It does not discriminate between boys and girls. The new ILO report finds that nearly half of the 218 million child laborers around the world are girls.
More than half of the girls are forced to work in prostitution and pornography or in bonded labor in hazardous work in agriculture, mining and quarrying.
Patrick Quinn, co-author of the ILO study, says children as young as five work long hours for little or no pay. He says all children are vulnerable, but girls run particular risks. He says girls very often are entrapped in hidden work situations, which leave them open to abuse.
"For example, children in child domestic labor, possibly working a long way from their families and their communities," said Quinn. "The fact that they may be physically weaker than boys."
"They may be exposed to sexual exploitation in some situations, the fact that girls bear a double burden very often of working both in the home and in other economic activity outside the home. These various factors put girls very often in a situation of having multiple disadvantages," he added.
In 2006, the ILO reported that there were 218 million child laborers around the world. This was a significant decrease from the 246 million child laborers reported four years earlier.
Frank Hagemann, the Head of Research and Policy at the ILO, says he fears that the current global economic crisis will reverse the decline in child labor.
"Not in all regions, but particularly in Latin America and a stabilization of child labor in Asia and also in Africa," he said. "We now risk that this positive, generally positive trend is going to be reversed through declining commodity prices on the one hand, through credit constraints on the other hand. In the recession and with declining household income, children are put out of school and put into work. And girls are often among the first."
The report finds a strong link between child labor and education. The ILO says that when forced to make a choice, poor families will send their boys rather than their girls to school. So not only do girls lose out on education, but they also are in danger of being forced into labor.
The ILO says that investing in the education of girls is an effective way of tackling poverty and protecting girls from child labor.
* U.N. agency tells Myanmar to end forced labour
http://sg.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20090606/tap-myanmar-labour-c3bb44c.html
By Jonathan Lynn
GENEVA, June 6 - The U.N. International Labour Organisation told Myanmar on Saturday to end forced labour, saying the action it had taken so far was "totally inadequate".
But the ILO's committee on labour standards stopped short of referring Myanmar to the International Court of Justice, the top U.N. tribunal, as worker representatives demanded.
The ILO has been at odds with the former Burma for more than a decade over what it says is a widespread practice of forcing villagers to work on infrastructure projects or as porters for the army.
The committee said Myanmar's military government had taken some steps to tackle underage recruitment into the military, and to publicise a temporary complaints mechanism, which was extended for one year.
"The Committee was however of the view that these steps are totally inadequate," it said in the conclusions of its meeting.
The committee told the government it must amend both existing legislation and the new constitution to ban forced labour, publicise the ban, punish those who impose it, and stop harassing people who complain about it or those who help them.
Myanmar's ambassador in Geneva, Wunna Maung Lwin, told the committee: "Myanmar has shown its political will, and she has been and will be cooperating with the ILO in a constructive manner with a view to eradicating the practice of forced labour in the country."
But employers' and workers' representatives and Western governments at the ILO dismissed this.
FEW COMPLAINTS
A report by the ILO's liaison officer in Myanmar, Steve Marshall, said only 152 complaints of forced labour had been received under the mechanism agreed in 2007. [ID:nL6136921]
"The government continues to play the diplomatic game of doing just enough to create an appearance of cooperation ... No one in this room is fooled by that," said Edward Potter, who speaks for the employers' group on the committee.
Several workers' representatives called for disinvestment from Myanmar, which is rich in oil, gas, timber and gems, and was once a major rice producer.
But Myanmar drew support from China, which values Myanmar as a source of raw materials and route to the Indian Ocean, and from India, which has recently toned down criticism of its neighbour for fear of allowing Chinese influence to grow.
"We are glad to notice that ... the two sides have been conducting close cooperation, taking substantive actions with substantive achievements made," the Chinese representative said.
India also said Myanmar and the ILO had made tangible progress in tackling forced labour.
Myanmar also got backing from fellow members of the Southeast Asian grouping ASEAN.
Singapore urged it to redouble efforts to end forced labour, but criticised speakers who raised the case of Aung San Suu Kyi, the opposition leader currently on trial after years of house arrest, or referred to Myanmar as Burma.
ILO alarmed by forced labour clause in Myanmar constitution
http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gOySz4kn56izGcihQTyoGE4bglNQ
GENEVA (AFP) — International labour experts on Saturday called on the Myanmar government to amend a provision in the country's new constitution that could be interpreted as justifying forced labour.
A special session at the International Labour Organisation on the forced labour situation in Myanmar concluded that the steps taken by the ruling junta towards eradicating forced labour were "totally inadequate."
In a report presented at the meeting, the experts pointed to a provision in the new constitution referring to "duties assigned thereupon by the State in accord with the law in the interests of the people."
The experts expressed deep concern about a provision in the text of the Constitution that "may be interpreted in such a way as to allow a generalised exaction of forced labour from the population."
They called on the government to amend the new constitution, which is meant to take effect in 2010, to bring it into conformity with labour rules.
Myanmar's representative however said the government "cannot accept criticism on our constitution process", which he said had been adopted by over 90 percent of voters.
ILO experts said that exploitation remained rampant in the Asian country, adding "there is no genuine and sustained political will to end forced labour."
They also raised "serious concern on the continued human rights violations in Myanmar and the detention of Aung San Suu Kyi" and other political prisoners.
Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi faces up to five years in jail on charges of having breached the conditions of her house arrest after an incident in which US national John Yettaw swam to her lakeside home in May.
The authorities in Myanmar accused Suu Kyi of covering up the American's presence and rebuked her for offering him food and shelter, allegations that have sparked international outrage.
Villagers afraid to report forced labour to ILO
March 31st, 2009
DVB : The International Labour Organisation has stated that complainants of forced labour in Burma are at greater risk of imprisonment if they have affiliations with political opposition groups. The comment came after reports surfaced that villagers in Irrawaddy division had been forced to work on the reconstruction of a road, and were afraid to make a complaint to the ILO for fear of imprisonment.
“We heard about two men from central Burma who were recently thrown into prison for reporting a case to the ILO,” said one of the villagers.
Labour activist Zaw Htay was sentenced to ten years imprisonment in January after helping farmers in Magwe divison file a report to the ILO on land seizures.
His lawyer Pho Phyu, was subsequently sentenced earlier this month to four years imprisonment after defending him at the trial.
“So we are scared we might end up the same way if we complain about what happened in our villages,” the villager added.
Steve Marshall, ILO liaison officer in Rangoon, said that, although the vast majority of complainants received no subsequent action from the government, there were some that had.
“The ILO is of the belief that in those cases it is because they are firstly politically active, but are secondly active within the ILO’s supplementary framework as well,” he said.
The supplementary framework is the mechanism which deals with complaints to the ILO in Burma. It stipulates that the government must not harass or arrest people who report forced labour to the ILO or collect information on such practices.
“If someone who has got affiliations and is active in other political activity takes action then the risk of them having some retaliation taken against them increases,” he added.
The ILO reported last month that there has been no reduction in forced labour over the past year, despite ongoing attempts to tackle the problem.
Workers’ group calls for employee focus in global crisis management
http://www.itfglobal.org/news-online/index.cfm/newsdetail/3153
27 March 2009
Workers’ representatives are demanding that the social and employment dimension of the world economic crisis be highlighted at the G20 summit next week.
At a meeting of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Economic and Social Policy Committee on 17-18 March in Geneva, Switzerland, Ebrahim Patel, vice-chair of the workers’ group, called for a focus on a number of areas in attempts to deal with the global financial crisis. These, he said, should include fiscal and wage measures to stimulate demand, social protection, observance of core labour standards and social dialogue and tripartism.
In a speech to the committee, Patel also outlined the group’s support for the concept of a “global jobs pact”, developed with the full involvement of trade unions and employer organisations. The pact should contain several key aspects, for example: public investment-based and employment-orientated stimulus packages; active labour market policies to help workers find decent work opportunities; extended and enhanced social protection provisions and stronger workers’ rights and the application of relevant international labour standards. The group wanted to see the establishment of a global jobs fund managed by the ILO to address the imbalance between developing and developed countries’ economic capacities.
Member states of the G20 should, he said, invite the ILO to the summit as a participant along with other multilateral bodies.
The G20 leaders meet in London, UK, next Thursday 2 April. The ITF is backing a demonstration on Saturday 28 March, Put people first, urging the G20 leaders to build policies to create a global economy based on the fair distribution of wealth, decent jobs for all and a low carbon future.
The global union federations, including the ITF, have put together a special publication on the economic crisis, which will be available next week.
More information about the demonstration: www.putpeoplefirst.org.uk
International Labor Organization: 90 million new jobs needed
http://ph.news.yahoo.com/star/20090326/tph-international-labor-organization-90-541dfb4.html
Philstar.com - Friday, March 27MANILA, Philippines - Nearly 90 million jobs are needed to absorb the new entrants in the labor market and cut short the ongoing global financial and job crisis, the International Labor Organization (ILO) reported yesterday.
In a report titled the “Financial and Economic Crisis: A Decent Work Response,” the ILO said close to 90 million new jobs are needed up to 2010 to avoid a prolonged jobs gap.
ILO Director-General Juan Somavia said governments also need to implement a “global jobs pact” to prevent the severe job crisis that could lead to a massive increase in unemployment and poverty.
“If stimulus efforts are delayed, the jobs crisis will be prolonged and employment may only start to recover by 2011,” Somavia said.
In earlier financial crises, Somavia said the labor market recovered only 4 to 5 years after the economic recovery.
At this time, Somavia said, the international coordination to tackle the crisis is weak.
A study by the ILO among 32 member countries showed that stimulus plans stand on average at 1.7 percent.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) earlier called for stimulus plans in the order of 2 percent of GDP (gross domestic product) in response to the crisis.
The ILO survey also found that the stimulus packages lean heavily toward financial bailouts and tax cuts instead of job creation and social protection and noted that on average, fiscal stimulus packages for the real economy are five times smaller than financial bailout packages.
“Only half of the countries examined have announced labor market initiatives and among those, the resources allocated to these measures are relatively limited,” said Raymond Torres, Director of the ILO’s Institute of Labor Studies.
The report also said that infrastructure programs do not adequately take into account the need to reinforce the existing capacity of businesses and skills supply – so that part of the infrastructure spending may result in higher prices, rather than higher production and jobs; some tax cuts will end in higher savings rather than higher demand, output and jobs; and little is done to help youth and other vulnerable groups.
Jobs in Lebanon
Meantime, thousands of jobs await Filipino professionals in Lebanon.
A group of Lebanese nationals yesterday said their country is in need of Filipino workers to fill the vacancies in the hotel, construction and other sectors.
Kader Al Jadid, Filipino-Lebanese Friendship community president, called on the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to allow the deployment of other types of workers to Lebanon.
“Thousands of waiters, carpenters, technicians and other highly skilled workers are needed in Lebanon with the projected surge of foreign tourists,” Al Jadid said.
Al Jadid said Lebanese companies prefer Filipino workers because of their fluency in English and renowned brand of service and hospitality.
“DOLE should not let this opportunity pass for thousands of OFWs affected by the global economic slump,” he said.
But Labor Secretary Marianito Roque said the Philippine government will not resume the deployment of workers to Lebanon until the Lebanese government complies with the new hiring policy.
Roque said the Philippine government already submitted to the government of Lebanon the proposed policy that would ensure the protection of Filipino workers.
“We already submitted our proposal and if they are willing to comply with our conditions, we will resume deployment, but until then the ban stays,” he said.
Among others, Roque said the DOLE is demanding compliance with the $400 minimum monthly salary for Filipino household workers.
Al Jadid, however, urged DOLE to allow the deployment of professional workers while awaiting the approval on the hiring of household workers.
A majority of the Filipino workers currently employed in Lebanon are household workers.
DOLE imposed the deployment ban to Lebanon in 2006 after war erupted between Israeli and Hezbollah forces. Thousands of OFWs were repatriated but many opted to sneak back to Lebanon despite the ban. - By Mayen Jaymalin (Philstar News Service, www.philstar.com)
CHILD LABOUR-THE BANE OF DEVELOPMENT
http://connectafrica.wordpress.com/2009/03/20/child-labour-the-bane-of-development/
Posted on March 20, 2009 by connectafrica
The figures are troubling and child labour is steadily become a unifying social economic problem amongst developed and developing countries. The International Labour Organisation (ILO), reports that based on a nation-wide survey of child trafficking, approximately 19 percent (%) of school children and 40 percent (%) of street children have been forced into child labour.
According to the Save Our Soul (SOS)-a Nigerian NGO, there are over 15 million Nigerian working children -7.9 million boys and 7.3 million girls are currently being dragged into working long hours and in inhumane conditions
A University Professor, Sarah Oloko says that the tradition of forcing children to work goes back many years and that most adults in the country today have been victims at one time or the other.
She says this is having a negative effect on the education of many young people living in Nigeria and that there is a thin line between children helping their parents out and being forced to work in dangerous conditions.
“When children, especially young ones are exposed to long hours of work in harsh and dangerous environments, which threatens their lives and limbs as well as jeopardize their normal physical, mental, emotional and moral development, it is termed child labour” the Professor concluded
In the eastern part of Nigeria and some Southern states such as Cross River and Akwa-Ibom, child trafficking has been the focus of intense media attention
It must be emphasized that child trafficking is the end product of child labour. Most children are either abducted or leave home with traffickers who promise their captives educational opportunities and other enticing incentives. They are taken to neighbouring African countries, principally Nigeria, Cameroon, Cote d’ Ivoire and Gabon-all transit points before they are sold off into servitude in agriculture, domestic labour or worse still end up as commercial sex slaves
Okeke Sandra, GUEST AUTHOR
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